California's BIT Program: The 90-Day Rhythm

The direct answer: California's Basic Inspection of Terminals (BIT) program requires motor carriers based in California to systematically inspect their trucks and trailers at least every 90 days, keep records for two years, and be subject to CHP terminal inspections. Coverage is broader than one weight number: it reaches commercial vehicles of 26,001 lbs GVWR or more, motortrucks of three or more axles over 10,000 lbs GVWR, truck tractors regardless of weight, vehicles or combinations transporting hazardous materials, truck-trailer combinations over 40 feet coupled, and any commercial vehicle towing a trailer rated over 10,000 lbs (CVC 34500 subdivisions (a), (b), (e), (f), (g) and (k), as referenced by CVC 34501.12 and 34505.5).

Changed January 1, 2025: AB 3278 (Chapter 226, Statutes of 2024) removed the old catch-all category — other motortrucks regulated by the DMV, the PUC or FMCSA, the so-called “j-trucks” — from the BIT terminal program and the 90-day inspection. A two-axle truck under 26,001 lbs that is not a tractor, is not hauling hazmat and is not towing a heavy trailer is now out of the 90-day program; if it operates in interstate commerce it still needs the federal annual inspection. Older summaries that still list the catch-all predate the change.

Who's in the program

• California-based carriers operating qualifying vehicles — and the qualifying list is wide: 26,001+ lbs GVWR, or three-plus axles over 10,000 lbs, or a truck tractor (any weight), or hazmat, or a combination over 40 feet, or towing a trailer rated over 10,000 lbs. If you run a 3-axle 18,000 lb dump truck, BIT applies to you.
• It's a state overlay: interstate carriers still carry their federal Part 396 obligations on top

The 90-day inspection

Each vehicle gets a documented safety inspection at least every 90 days that must include, at minimum, brake adjustment, brake system components and leaks, steering and suspension, tires and wheels, and vehicle connecting devices (CVC 34505.5(a)) — most shops check lights and the rest of the safety systems at the same time. It is conceptually similar ground to the federal annual, on a four-times-faster cycle. The intent is that defects get caught in weeks, not months.

Records & terminal inspections

• Inspection and repair records kept at the terminal for two years and available to CHP on request (CVC 34505.5(c))
• CHP conducts terminal inspections; strong paper plus healthy trucks is what a good visit looks like — thin paper turns a good fleet into a bad inspection

Making 90 days an asset instead of a burden

Fleets that fold BIT into their PM schedule pay for it once: the same visit does the PM service and the documented inspection, and findings become scheduled repairs. That's exactly how we run it for fleet customers — one rhythm, one record set, no surprise at terminal-inspection time.

If your fleet is not based in California

This is the question corridor carriers ask most, and it deserves a careful answer rather than a confident one. BIT is a terminal program: it attaches to California terminals and to carriers whose operations bring them under CHP’s terminal-inspection authority. An out-of-state carrier running loads through California is in a different position from a California-based carrier with a yard here — but “different” is not the same as “exempt,” and the line depends on your specific operation, your classification, and whether you maintain a terminal in the state.

Two things are true regardless of where you are based. Your vehicles are subject to roadside inspection while operating in California, judged against the same out-of-service criteria as everyone else. And California’s emissions programs are administered separately from BIT by CARB, with their own applicability rules that catch a lot of out-of-state operators by surprise.

We are a repair shop, not a regulator, so the useful thing we can do is point you at the people who decide: the California Highway Patrol for BIT and terminal inspection questions, CARB for emissions program applicability, and the California DMV for Motor Carrier Permit questions. If your trucks run this corridor regularly, our I-80 corridor fleet service page covers how scheduled work and inspections get handled for fleets headquartered elsewhere.

Common questions

I'm an owner-operator with one truck — does BIT apply to me?

If you're a California-based carrier with a qualifying vehicle or combination — yes, the obligations don't scale down for fleet size. One truck still needs its 90-day rhythm and its records.

Does passing BIT satisfy the federal annual?

They're separate obligations with overlapping content. A well-run 90-day program makes the federal annual trivial — but the annual certification still has to exist for interstate operation.

Can Pro Truck Services do my 90-day inspections?

We perform inspection and the repairs findings generate in the same bays, and we keep the documentation straight — call (916) 571-8888 and ask about putting your trucks on a 90-day cycle.

Regulatory information is provided for general guidance, is not legal advice, and reflects our reading of the cited sources as of the last-reviewed date. Requirements change — verify against the primary source or ask us. Pro Truck Services is an independent repair shop, not a government agency.